The following table shows JIS SS400 material properties, including density and specific gravity, melting point, specific heat capacity, electrical resistivity, elastic modulus, thermal conductivity, linear expansion coefficient, Young’s modulus, magnetic permeability, etc. (5-6 mm) thick material Note: Because thinner gauges of stainless steel are generally used, the force required to shear stainless steel for a given part is often comparable to the force needed to shear a similar part made of thicker carbon steel. 15 Material Iron metal Steel Steel kg 1. An air to air plate exchanger with area 2 m 2 and wall thickness 0. For the completely rough regime, the value of Β' is equal a constant of 8. Finding stainless steel materials in the Total Materia database. 0 ±5% 2. 15 r/d=0. 15. Several points here. Our Passivation and Pickling services include the following main processes: Stainless steel pickling, stainless steel passivation, and carbon steel pickling. However, continuous use at 425-860°C is not recommended if corrosion resistance in water is required. Conductive heat transfer per unit area can be calculated as. Fanning Friction Factor. 5×10 –6 /°F). 7 C). 550 is well-suited for most maintenance needs. 1 mm) and 24 mass% Cr-content stainless steel (24CrSS, t = 0. The presence of chromium creates an invisible surface film that resists oxidation and makes the material “passive” or corrosion resistant. ” When a flat piece of material is bent the inside face of the bend is compressed and the outside part stretches. Titanium had a longer life at low stresses compared with stainless steel, and stainless steel had a longer life at higher stresses. 20 Ecoguard. 33 K factor 0. m -1. Thermal Resistivity and Conductivity The ability of a material to resist flow of heat. 7 333 8 in-lbs 10 in-lbs 858 18 in-lbs 20 in-lbs 27 in-lbs 1228 25 in-lbs 29 in-lbs 39 in-lbs 1436 29 in-lbs 34 in-lbs 45 in-lbs 5 0. Home > Technical Reference > Engineer’s Reference > Roughness Values-Darcy-Weisbach Equation (Colebrook-White)Stainless Steel. There is a direct relationship between sheet metal bend allowance and the K-factor. 6 and 8. The friction loss for each bend is: Δ p f f = ζ x 1 2 ρ w x 2 = 673. Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (PDF) Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (Excel) BEND ALLOWANCE; 8 Gauge: 10 Gauge: 12 Gauge: 14 Gauge: 16 Gauge: 18 Gauge: 20 Gauge: 22 Gauge: 24 Gauge: K factor: 0. 17 found in seemingly identical fasteners here results in a substantial clamp load variation. To determine allowable working pressure at elevated temperatures, multiply allowable working pressures from Tables 2 throughBend Allowance Chart K factor 0. Inside temperature in the exchanger is 100 o C and outside temperature is 20 o C . 4 Btu/ft·h·°F at 212 °F), yield. 2. The allowable pressure in a 4 inch schedule 40 carbon steel pipe with outside diameter 4. There’s a lot that goes into this value and various factors that affect it, many of which we covered. f = Friction Factor. Importance of the K-factor in sheet metal design. On unlubricated connections, I use k=0. The bend allowance describes the length of the neutral axis between the bend lines, or in other words, the arc length of the bend. where k is a constant 8. It aids the determination of the exact materials required before trimming portions of the sheet metal and is also useful. This factor is particularly important in joints that will oper-ate at elevated temperatures in a cyclic tempera-ture mode. Thermal Conductivity - k - is used in the Fourier's equation. The rate becomes very rapid as K max approaches K 1C. The emissions factor when calculating the carbon footprint of steel per kg is: Iron metal (steel) 1kg = 1. 4(30) for smooth wall semi-rigid tubing, in Table 402. Table 2 - Mechanical properties of 301 grade stainless steel. When selecting a stainless steel for any corrosive environment, it is always best to consult with a corrosion engineer and, if possible, conduct tests in the environment involved under actual operating conditions. 8 Steel BZP 0. Step-3: Value of Bend Deduction and Flat pattern are shown in Result Section. Enter the area of contact, A = 1. For molded ceramic fiber products and packed or tightly packed insulation, losses will be lower than values shown. Mater. They also have excellent toughness and can be used in the food, marine, chemical and architectural fields. (11,1 mm) below the deflector (see Figure 2). The best single-volume reference on the metallurgy, selection, processing, performance, and evaluation of stainless steels, incorporating essential information culled from across the ASM Handbook series. Just follow these simple steps and it will spit out a K-factor for you to input into your CAD tool. Since the inside compression can not exceed the outside tension, the k-factor can never exceed . 20 percent - 304 stainless steel; 15 percent - Cold-rolled steel; 15 percent - 5052 H32 Aluminum;LOCTITE® LB 771™ is a silver, thick, metallic heavy-duty, high temperature, nickel-based anti-seize lubricant paste. psi (MPa)psi(MPa) % 65,000 448 125,000 862 50 200 Brinell SANDMEYER STEEL COMPANY ONE SANDMEYER LANE • PHILADELPHIA, PA 19116-3598Most values for temperature 25 oC (77 oF). Portuguese / português. Bulletin 038. 8 billion tons produced per year. The maximum temperature increase relative to the environment inside the enclosure can be determined from the following equation: (Ti-Tu) = Qv / (k*A) Where:The results demonstrate that, generally, Nitinol K wires have a shorter life for the same applied stress than the stainless steel or titanium wires. need some help on a place to start with the bend allowance calcs. Piping Material. Steel Grades; Steel Pipes; Cast Iron; Ductile Iron; Polyethylene Plastic; Polyurethane Plastic; Stainless Steel. k. 65% max), silicon (0. To understand how the nut factor compares to the terms in the long-form equations, let’s consider the so-called Motosh equation: × [ (P/2 ) + (μ/cos ) + (μ = input torque, = fastener preload. Achieving Proper Bolt Torque: An Introduction to K-Factor. Fn for stainless steel spring steel is approx. PRELIMINARY Document Number: 002-19207 Rev. K-ZSTZ – – 155°F/68°C 175°F/79°C 286°F/141°C 155°F/68°C 286°F/141°C 2 For K-Factor when pressure is measured in Bar, multiply S. Modulus of elasticity 193 GPa. Defining the Neutral Axis To understand the k-factor,. 2, k u, θ = σ u, θ / σ u), a factor k 2 %, θ (denoted g 2, θ the in the Euro Inox/SCI Design Manual [16]) used to determine the elevated temperature. As a general rule of thumb, one can associate the following k-factors with the following: k-factor of 7: Aluminum; k-factor of 5: Steel; k-factor of 3: Welds; SN-Curve adjustments due to Mean Stress. 50 to 0. ASM Specialty Handbook - Stainless Steel - J. This factor determines which of two high-temperature strength properties should be given priority; creep or creep-rupture (sometimes called stress-. 2 m2. 286 lb/in3), melting point is 1400-1450 °C (2550-2650 °F), thermal conductivity is 16. If a K-factor is 0. , and Giarratano, P. The Y and K-Factors affect how the part stretches when transitioning from a flat pattern to a finished. HD MV Nozzle is UL Listed, FM Approved, and also carries Lloyds Type Approval. Zinc Plated Steel. View Article. 77 Material Iron metal Steel Steel r. At exactly the same torque level of 24 foot pounds, variations between 4500 pounds and 6700 pounds are experienced. 15%, and the minimum chromium content is only 1% less than 304. com K factor depends on material, thickness and machine. 5 for standard materials and thicknesses though smaller and larger K-Factors are possible. If it is used, I use k=0. Generally, linear thermal expansion is most applicable to solids. 16: Miscellaneous Data: Applied Load: Tensile: kg?Carbon Footprint of Steel Per Kg. Type QL transformers meet DOE 2016 efficiency standards. Note: TYCO series TY-L 8. Therefore, the bend allowance added to the flange lengths is equal to the total flat length. View Product. & Yu, W. 8 times the steel plate thickness and 1. Concrete (Dry) Rubber. These are 304 SS material. ANTI-SEIZE Stainless does not contain copper and exhibits extremely low sulphur and chlorine. I have tried it today and it doesn't seem to give exactly the result I was expecting. EN 12201 - Polyethylene (PE) Pipes for Water Supply, and for Drainage and Sewerage under Pressure - Dimensions Dimensions of PE pipes according EN 12201. 15 : Parent topic: Engineer’s Reference. Hazard. This Table is applicable to Never-Seize paste and Fel-Pro lubricant, K=0. Look up the steel's density. Bend allowance is the amount of extra material you need to add while calculating the flat pattern of any sheet metal part. 33 in practical use and at my shop they use as small as 0. 0) is cold-rolled steel; 304 stainless steel has a factor of 3. Additional Information: NOTICE: The product details indicated below are for general reference only and may vary based on the specific product approval and/or application. Please note that because of the variation in roughness in these materials depending on the source, the roughness values reported here have uncertainties ranging from ± 20 % for new wrought Iron to ± 70 % for riveted steel. K)/W] in SI units or [ (ft 2 ·°F·hr)/Btu] in imperial units. 0015 10 -3 (m) , hydraulic diameter d h = 0. Stainless steel grade 430 is capable of resisting oxidation up to 870°C (1598°F) in intermittent usage, and up to 815°C (1499°F) in continuous usage. Stainless steel grade 430 is a non-hardenable steel containing straight chromium, and belongs to the ferritic group of steels. Bulletin 184. 304 Stainless SteelThe bending angle is 90°, the sheet thickness is 5 mm and the inside radius is 6 mm. This table combines the bend allowance and bend deduction table so you can specify gauge values. The K-factor for stainless steel (AISI 316) is indeed smaller than the value for AISI 304 small. K-Factor Bend Table. 04 Type of Fitting K Value Disk or Wobble Meter 3. The heat transfer coefficient is the proportionality coefficient between the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat (i. 16. 33 K factor 0. a. Thermal Conductivity - Online Converter Convert between thermal conductivity units. An average and commonly used value for the K-factor is 0. 4(28) for iron pipe or equivalent rigid pipe, in Table 402. 446 × 0. (5. Therefore, the potential energy is smaller by a factor of 10. 15. 33 K factor 0. 15 K = 0. The nozzle has an external deflector that discharges a uniformly filled cone of medium velocity water droplets. For structural steel A36, the limits for the slenderness ratio are: For short columns: 40 ≤ (KL/r) For intermediate columns. itic stainless steel that is molybdenum alloyed for enhanced corrosion resistance in chloride environments. 1 very often which confuses me. See moreHow do you calculate the k-factor for different kinds of steel (or materials)? Say I have a stainless steel AISI 316L and a hot rolled steel S235 JR, will they have the same k. If the flow rate and the frequency are known for each calibration point, the K-factor for that point is determined as well. The pressure drop calculations. h: heat transfer coefficient, W/ (m 2 K)Emissivity is a measure of the efficiency in which a surface emits thermal energy. 4 77. 73-Rubber (60 A Belt) Tool Steel . 1. Sheet Metal Bend Deduction Chart (PDF) Sheet Metal Bend Deduction Chart (Excel) BEND DEDUCTION; 8 Gauge: 10 Gauge: 12 Gauge: 14 Gauge: 16 Gauge: 18 Gauge: 20 Gauge: 22 Gauge: 24 Gauge: K factor: 0. Bend Allowance (BA) = (Π/180) × ( R + K×T) × A. 10 ±10% (Actual Value Printed on Each Package) Gage Factor Tolerance Per Package 1. Sponsored Links. The thermal conductivity coefficient k is a material parameter depending on temperature, physical properties of the material, water content, and the pressure on the material [3]. Virgin steel 1kg = 3. 3-0. The reason being that it takes the wear rate, the applied load, and the hardness of the wear pin into account. K-Factor. The reason being that it takes the wear rate, the applied load, and the hardness of the wear pin into account. 6. 2 in. AISI 301 Stainless Steel (UNS S30100) AISI 301 stainless steel (UNS S30100) is the most susceptible to cold deformation strengthening among conventional austenitic stainless steels. Monel® is an alloy of nickel and copper that was first developed for commercial use in 1905. The required tonnage is often prohibitive. K-Factors for Aluminum, Cold Rolled Steel and Stainless ALUMINUM Thickness Radius 0. DIN 913 Flat Point; DIN 914 Cone Point; DIN 915 Dog Point; DIN 916 / ISO 4029 Cup Point; A2/A4 Stainless Steel; DIN 479-8. 0 mm), SUS445 (t = 0. . The K-factor is the ratio of the neutral axis position to the total material thickness. The diameter of a dimple should be no more than 6 times the material thickness. A K-Factor will typically range between 0 and . Mark a fold line exactly in the center. It is difficult to perform cold working in grade 330 stainless steel as the steel has high strength and work hardening rate. Davis, Davis & Associates (Ed. 3 applications in excess of the 500psi (34. phosphor-bronze, stainless steel, and K-Monel. 000013 : Commercial steel (enamel coated) We are going to review three bending scenarios with three different bending angles; 60, 90 and 120, and we will calculate K-Factor, Bend Allowance and Bend Deduction for them. This steel is known for its good corrosion resistance and formability, coupled with practical mechanical properties. 8. K-factor (centrifugation), relative pelleting efficiency. Next we use the pull-down menu to select the appropriate table. 5 – 0. For steel members, a slenderness ratio below 50 can be considered “short”. A K-Factor will typically range between 0 and . Drawn Brass, Copper, Stainless Steel (New) >0. stainless steel 316 (for mv-bs) stainless steel 316l-blow-off cap elastomer elastomer elastomer elastomer note: equivalent specification is indicative only. The below Microsoft Excel chart is for even numbered gauges 8 through 24 and has a default K-Factor of . A component's thickness affects the constraint conditions at the tip of a crack with thin components having plane stress conditions and thick components having. BD = (2 x OSSB) – BA. French / français. 36 N in air, wear surfaces are covered by oxide films and fine and thin wear particles of 0. 5 mm measured from the inside bend. Stainless Steel 296 x 10 -5 35 x 10–5 Copper 326 x 10 -5 44 x 10 -5 Aluminum 415 x 10 -5 47 x 10 -5 Iron 198 x 10 -518 x 10 Invar 40 x 10 -5-. Pipe Material e (mm) e (ft) Glass, drawn brass, copper (new) 0. 17. The two main frictions used are static friction and kinetic friction. Riveted steel (new) 0. Ideal to use in areas with high exposer to. The friction loss in feet of head per 100 feet of Steel pipes Schedule 40, Copper pipes Type L and thermoplastic PVC pipes Schedule 40 are compared below. 0 (115) Download Bulletin. 008-0. K-factor (aeronautics), the number of pulses expected for every one volumetric unit of fluid passing through a given flow meter. 76 · 10 4 so that CR is in [mm/y], m loss is the mass loss [g] of the metal (m 0 − m f) in time t [hours], A is the surface area of the material exposed [cm 2], and ρ is the density of the material [g/cm 3] (ASTM, 2012; Kreysa & Schütze, Reference Kreysa and Schütze 2007; Kutz, Reference Kutz 2005). The K-factor is simply the tangent of half the bend angle. A measure of the ability of a material to allow the flow of heat. 5 max) serves as a control figure in sheet metal bending calculation. Henkel’s food grade anti-seize lubricants feature temperature. t = distance from inside face to neutral sheet. 166: S-440-X: 4-40. The bending tool has a radius of 30 mm which means that our Inside Bend Radius (R) is 30 mm. The K-factor approximations given below are more likely to be accurate for air bending than the other types of bending due to the lower forces involved in the forming process. Material Iron metal Steel Stainless steel kg 6. Always verify product details with the technical data sheet and consult. 0. AISI 304 and 316 are the most common grades in this series. 72 *10-6/K 16. 44 psi/100ft = 9. I. v = flow velocity (m/s, ft/s) minor loss can also be expressed as head water column - mm H2O or. German / Deutsch. It contains at least 10. 24 r/d=0. This means that the bent stainless tube often shows ‘wrinkles’ on the inner surface of the bend. 8 Steel Plain Finish 0. ) Tightening Torque min max min max min max min maxThe K-factor is the ratio of the neutral axis position to the total material thickness. Carbon steel and alloy steel are unsatisfactory (become brittle) at temperatures below -65 °F. 38: 0. Overall heat transfer coefficient is expressed as W/m2 °C or kcal/h, m2 °C. Where high strength is. •G is the geometry factor •qis the thermal conductivity integral. View Product. Features a 3/4 inch NPT (20 mm BSPT) thread size and 8. K Factor in sheet metal bending is a constant used to calculate sheet metal flat length or Flat-pattern. 16. Compared to the k-factor (for the neutral axis shift), the K-factor is a breeze to calculate. 04. You can easily modify the Material Thickness, Inside Radius and K-Factor for each thickness at the top of each column. Steel is the global backbone material of industrialized societies, with more than 1. . Base part number is shown. . Water - Thermal Conductivity vs. Editor: J. 4301/1. The FTB4800 provides a wide range flow metering in a stainless steel package. 5-inch w. 6,and 8. A2 Stainless Steel; Set Screws. , thermal power per unit area, q = ddot {Q}/dA. The properties of 304 stainless steel including chemical properties, physical characteristics, thermal properties and mechanical properties, etc. Achieving Proper Bolt Torque: An Introduction to K-Factor. The total friction loss for the 10 bends is. 33 K factor 0. This article summarizes the thermal conductivity of stainless steel 304 and 316 at various temperatures in annealed condition, also other stainless steel grades. 304 Stainless Steel 7/16” 74. 64 x 19. (7-8 mm) thick material Austenitic Material (T304) 0. With this equation, if you know K, F and D, you can multiply them to get the torque needed to tighten the bolt so that it has the right amount of tension. I work on Solidworks Sheet Metal for designing sheet metal boxes, plates, hoppers,etc. e. k. 12 = Torque Applied (Nm) = Tension Generated in Fastener (N) = Nut Nominal olt Diameter (m) = K-Factor 2. stainless steel with good general corrosion resistance. (10-6 in/ (in oF)) Admiralty Brass. 001 ft. Hazen-Williams Coefficients Table. Compression Screw: Stainless Steel UNS-S31603 Trigger and Support: Stainless Steel UNS-S31600 Fusible Element Assembly: Beryllium Nickel, coated with black acrylic. For 2 or 3 inches Insulation: multiply by 0. Its carbon content is ≤0. Grade 2 Titanium. It occurs in the formula known as Hollomon's equation (after John Herbert Hollomon Jr. 6 – 0. The nozzle is available in brass, stainless steel 316 and aluminium bronze construction. 77CO 2 eq. D = pipe diameter [m] V = fluid velocity [m/s] g = gravitational constant [9. Mechanical Properties Typical Values at 68°F (20°C) Yield Strength Ultimate Tensile Elongation Hardness 0. 0 K-factor. UnfoldMethod. oCompDef = ThisDoc. 6% max), chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, etc. Useful Tables 1033 Table A–16 Approximate Stress-Concentration Factor Kt for Bending of a Round Bar or Tube with a Transverse Round Hole Source: R. The addition of molybdenum can provide pitting resistance in phosphoric acid and acetic acid and dilute chloride solutions and. 1 bar (30 psi) minimum OPERATING 4. Recycled steel 1kg = 0. 16. K-Factor - A constant determined by dividing the thickness of the sheet by the location of the neutral axis, which is the part of sheet metal that does not change length. Turbine Wheel (Double-Flow) Meter. 44 (cr4/hr4) stainless steel 0. Stainless steel is a type of steel that contains less than 2% carbon (C) and more than 2% iron. Fill in the. The recommended binder pressure for round draws of low-carbon draw-quality steel is 600 pounds per lineal inch around the post (draw post diameter x 3. The k-factor value signifies how far the neutral axis shifts during bending. 21: 14 - Stainless steel Austenitic: 2150: 312: 0. Modeling up my first stainless steel parts, as I usually only use mild steel. 820 × 3. 4301/1. We will assume a turbulent flow and k s = 1mm (concrete). 5 Bar), the working pressure limit established by Victaulic for Vic-Press for Schedule 10S systems. Ferritic Stainless Steel (T430) 0. Using the table of fittings and K. while stainless steel plates can. Both fasteners are stainless steel. 20: Lubricated: 0. μ = Ff / Fn. 16. Rake Angle: 9° -11°. To find the thermal resistance and overall heat transfer coefficient: Select the mode of heat transfer, conduction and convection (on both sides). Dry Torque) Partially Lubricated Bolts; Properly Lubricated Bolts; But before we talk about these items, or get to our torque chart, it is imperative you understand the working definition of K-Factor (or “Nut Factor”). You use a gauge table and bend table in one table. Stainless steel, also known as inox, corrosion-resistant steel (CRES) and rustless steel, is an alloy of iron that is resistant to rusting and corrosion. c. relieved thermally or mechanically. 125 and a K-factor of . The coefficient. INSTRUCTIONS: Choose units and enter the following: (`B`) Bend Angle (`IR`) Inside Radius (`BA`) Bend Allowance (`MT`) Material Thickness K Factor (K): The calculator returns the answer as a decimal. 5mm up to 6. Editor: J. 50 r/d=0. k = 0. First, we choose the option to use a gauge table. When using SN-Curves, there can be extenuating circumstances where the SN-Curve must be adjusted to reflect certain situations. 5, leading to a K-Factor of approximately . 0. 33 K factor 0. 33: K factor:. Land Angle: Positive. 4. They depends on fluid velocities, viscosities, conditions of the heating surfaces, size of the temperature differences and so on. The PVC pipe calculation are made with the Online Hazens-Williams Calculator with a roughness coefficient c = 145. Add the potential energy (or elongation) from 10 short wires in series and you get a potential energy (or elongation) identical to that of the long wire. We’ve designed parts with a 0. But whether you call it K-factor, Y-factor, or neutral factor, if you’re working with us,. 6. , in. K Factor: 8. 35. 33At room temperature, Grade 316 stainless steel also exhibits the following set of properties: Density 99 g/cm 3. 2 mil per year on Type 316L stainless steel in aluminum-zirconium process first cycle. DIN 911 / ISO 2936. 0. How to link the K-Factor and Sheet Metal Rule Style being used to the drawing. A = bend angle in degrees (the angle through which the material is bent)In this section, all available elevated temperature material test results on stainless steel alloys are analysed in order to obtain accurate strength reduction factors (k 0. Base part number is shown. [/su_accordion] The Darcy friction factor is a dimensionless quantity used in the Darcy–Weisbach equation, for the description of frictional losses in pipe or duct as well as for open-channel flow. They are available with aluminum or copper windings and in all three temperature rise ratings. A material with an emissivity value. We multiply this factor by the material thickness to determine the distance the neutral axis shifted toward the inside radius during bending. KC Curve Factor (MC) The MC constant indicates how KC varies as the chip thickness gets further away from the normalized point of 1 mm. 3 which will result in K factor of 0. Therefore, the bend allowance added to the flange lengths is equal to the total flat length. Hot food in stainless steel containers. The bending tool has a radius of 30 mm which means that our Inside Bend Radius (R) is 30 mm. For example, the percentage can be anything from 20% to 22% for 304 stainless steel but is often between 13% and 15% for H-series soft aluminium. Sustainable building with Stainless steel - The David L. 5% chromium. Temperature Rating. tR = tF + 459. Here are the steps to be followed to calculate sheet metal flat length: Step-1: Enter Flange Length, Internal Radius, and thickness values. For example, 9T10A1004 changes to 9T10S1004. Austenite-martensitic steel, also known as austenitic-maraging stainless steel, is. i use inventor and have now got astoundingly accurate components to these k factors. The higher price for stainless steel fasteners and stainless steel nuts comes from the process of making stainless. We bend lots of stainless, which in terms of hardness, is very similar to mild steel (a36/gr50/cq) If I were to start folding, I would use .